حُكْمٌ
Root: حكم
Full Definition
2 And hence, Judgment, or judicial decision: or judgment respecting a thing, that it is such a thing, or is not such a thing, whether it be necessarily connected with another thing, or not: [whence,] in logic, [what our logicians term judgment; i. e.] the judging a thing to stand to another [thing] in the relation of an attribute to its subject, affirmatively or negatively; or the perception of relation or non-relation: or it properly signifies judgment with equity or justice: and حُكُومَةٌ signifies the same; originally, accord. to As, the restraint of a man from wrongdoing: [each, though an Verbal.Noun, being used as a simple subst., has its pl.:] the pl. of the former is أَحْكَامٌ, [properly a pl. of pauc., but] its only pl. form: and the pl. of the latter is حُكُومَاتٌ. You say, هُوَ يَتَوَلَّى وَ يَفْصِلُ الخُصُومَاتِ [He presides over the affairs of judgment, and decides litigations]. And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ لَحُكْمًا meaning Verily, of poetry, there is that which is true judgment: so says Er-Rághib: or, as others say, profitable discourse, such as restrains from, and forbids, ignorant and silly behaviour; i. e., [what contains] exhortations and proverbs profitable to men: or, the right reading is, as some relate it, [i. e. wisdom, &c.]: or حِكَمًا [pl. of حِكْمَة].
3 [The exercise of judicial authority; jurisdiction; rule; dominion; or government. See also حُكُومَةٌ.
4 An ordinance; a statute; a prescript; an edict; a decree; or a particular law; like قَضَآءٌ. Hence the phrase حُكْمَ العَادَةِ According to custom or usage; properly, according to the ordinance of custom or usage.
5 A rule in grammar &c.; as when one says, حُكْمُ الفَاعِلِ الرَّفْعُ or أَنْ يُرْفَعَ, i. e. The rule applying to the case of the agent is that it be put in the nom. case; and حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ كَذَا, or كَحُكْمِ كذا, i. e. The rule applying to it is the same as the rule applying to such a thing, or like the rule applying to such a thing.
6 It may often be rendered Predicament: and حُكْمًا, or فِى الحُكْمِ, predicamentally, or in respect of predicament; and virtually; as distinguished from لَفْظًا , and حَقِيقَةً , and the like.]
7 Also Knowledge of the law in matters of religion.
8 See also حِكْمَةٌ, in two places. It is a more general term than حِكْمَةٌ; for all حِكْمَة is حُكْم, but the reverse is not the case.
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