خَلَا
as a word denoting exception, when it governs a gen. case, as when you say, جَاؤُونِى خَلَا زَيْدٍ [They came to me, except Zeyd], is a particle, accord. to some of the grammarians, like حَاشَى; but accord. to some, a prefixed Verbal.Noun ↓ It. also governs an accus. case, as a verb: so that you say, جَاؤُونِى خَلَا زَيْدًا [meaning as above]; the agent of خلا being implied, like that of حَاشَى [used as a verb]: it is as though you said, خَلَا مَنْ جَآءَنِى مِنْ زَيْدٍ [i. e. those who came to me were without Zeyd]: or correctly, accord. to IB, خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ زَيْدًا [for مِنْ زَيْدٍ, like as you say, خَلَاكَ ذَمٌّ, for خَلَاعَنْكَ ذَمٌّ]. When you say مَا خَلَا, it is followed only by an accus., because ما خلا is equivalent to an Verbal.Noun; so that when you say, جَاؤُونِى مَا خَلَا زَيْدًا [meaning as above], it is as if you said, جَاؤُونِى خُلُوَّ زَيْدٍ [or خُلُوًّازَيْدًا], i. e. خُلُوَّهُمْ مِنْ زَيْدٍ, which two phrases mean جَاؤُونِى خَالِينَ مِنْ زَيْدٍ [They came to me, they being without Zeyd]: [for] accord. to Seer, ماخلا occupies the place of a noun in the accus. as a denotative of state: but some say, as an adv. n. of time; so that, accord. to these, مَا خَلَا زَيْدًا means وَقْتَ خُلُوِّهِمْ عَنْ زَيْدٍ [in the time of their being without Zeyd]. You say also, مَا أَرَدْتُ مَسَآءَتَكَ خَلَا أَنِّى وَعَظْتُكَ, meaning [I desired not to displease thee,] but I admonished thee (إِلَّا أَنِّى وَعَظْتُكَ).
Lane's Lexicon — The most scholarly Arabic-English dictionary available
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