عَبْدٌ
Root: عبد
Full Definition
عَبْدٌ
, originally an epithet, but used as a subst., A male slave; i. q.
مَمْلُوكٌ; [but عَبْدٌ is now generally applied to a male black slave; and مَمْلُوكٌ, to a male white slave; and this distinction has long obtained;] contr. of
حُرٌّ; as also
عَبْدَلٌ , in which the ل is augmentative: and a servant, or worshipper, of God, and of a false god, or of the Devil: [you say عَبْدُ ٱللّٰهِ and عَبْدُ الشَّمْسِ &c.: see also عَابِدٌ, which signifies the same; and see the remarks in this paragraph on the pls. عَبِيدٌ and عِبَادٌ and عَبَدَةٌ &c.:] and a man, or human being; as being a bondman (مَرْبُوبٌ) to his Creator; applied to a male and to a female; whether free or a slave: pl. أَعْبُدٌ and أَعْبِدَةٌ and أَعْبَادٌ, [all pls. of pauc.,] of which the first is the most commonly known, and
عَبِيدٌ and عِبَادٌ, which two and the first are the most commonly known of all the many pls. of عَبْدٌ, عَبِيدٌ being like كَلِيبٌ as pl. of كَلْبٌ, a rare form of pl.; or, accord. to some, it is a quasipl. n.; accord. to Ibn-Málik, فَعِيلٌ occurs as a pl. measure, but sometimes they use it in the manner of a pl. and make it fem., as in the instance of عَبِيدٌ, and sometimes they use it in the manner of quasi-pl. ns. and make it masc., as in the instances of حَجِيجٌ and كَلِيبٌ; [accord. to the general and more approved opinion, it is a quasi-pl. n., and therefore fem. and masc., but most commonly fem.;] and further it should be remarked that the common people agree in making a difference between عَبِيدٌ and عِبَادٌ, by the former meaning slaves [and by the latter meaning servants of God and also simply, with the article ال, mankind], saying, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَبِيدٌ
these are slaves, and هٰذَا عَبْدٌ مِنْ عِبَادِ ٱللّٰهِ [this is a servant, of the servants of God]: [and a distinction is also made between عِبَادٌ and عَبَدَةٌ, respecting which see what follows:] other pls. of عَبْدٌ are عُبْدَانٌ, like تُمْرَانٌ pl. of تَمْرٌ, and عِبْدَانٌ, like جِحْشَانٌ pl. of جَحْشٌ, and عُبُدٌ, like سُقُفٌ pl. of سَقْفٌ, or this is pl. of عَبِيدٌ, like رُغُفٌ pl. of رَغِيفٌ, and is also a pl. of عَابِدٌ, and some read [in the Kur v. 65] عُبُدَ الطَّاغُوتِ, and عُبْدٌ and عُبُودٌ and عُبَّدٌ and عُبَّادٌ and عَبَدَةٌ, the last three of which are also pls. of عَابِدٌ: one says of the worshippers of a plurality of gods, هُمْ عَبَدَةُ
الطَّاغُوتِ [they are the servants of Et-Tághoot]; but the Muslims one calls عِبَادُ ٱللّٰهِ, meaning the servants, or worshippers, of God: [all these are pls. in the proper sense of the term, of the broken class:] and عَبْدُونَ, a pl. of the sound class, adopted because عَبْدٌ is originally an epithet: and [the following, with the exception of the first, and of some which are particularized as being pls. of pls., are also said to be pls., but are properly speaking quasi-pl. ns., namely,]
عَبُدٌ , accord. to some, who read [in the Kur ubi suprà] عَبُدَ الطَّاغُوتِ, making the former a prefixed noun, as meaning the servants (خَدَم) of Et-Tághoot; but it is a n. of the measure فَعُلٌ, like حَذُرٌ and نَدُسٌ, not a pl.; the meaning being the servant (خَادِم) of Et- Tághoot; and it is also used by poetic license for عَبْدٌ; and
and
and
عِبِدَّى ; or, accord. to some, the last of these signifies slaves born in a state of slavery; and the female is termed
عَبْدَةٌ ; and Lth says that
عِبِدَّى signifies a number of slaves born in a state of slavery, generation after generation; but Az says that this is a mistake, that عِبِدَّى ٱللّٰهِ signifies the same as عبَادُ ٱللّٰهِ, that it is thus used in a trad., and that عِبِدَّى is applied in another trad. to poor men of the class called أَهْلُ الصُّفَّة; and
and
عِبِدَّةٌ and
عِبَادٌّ and
مَعْبَدَةٌ , like مَشْيَخَةٌ, and
and
مَعْبُودَى , and [pl. pl.]
, said to be pl. of مَعْبَدَةٌ; and pl. pl. أَعَابِدُ, pl. of أَعْبُدٌ; and عَبِيدُونَ, app. pl. of
عَبِيدٌ . فَٱدْخُلِى فِى عِبَادِى, in the Kur lxxxix. 29, means Then enter thou among my righteous servants: or it means فِى حِزْبِى [among my peculiar party].
2 Also
def.2 Also A certain plant, of sweet odour, of which the camels are fond because it makes the milk to become plentiful, and fattens; it is sharp, or hot, (حَادّ O, or حَارّ TA,) in temperament; and when they depasture it they become thirsty, and seek the water: so says IAar.
def.3 And A short and broad نَصْل [or arrow-head, or spear-head, or blade].
2 Also
def.2 Also A certain plant, of sweet odour, of which the camels are fond because it makes the milk to become plentiful, and fattens; it is sharp, or hot, (حَادّ O, or حَارّ TA,) in temperament; and when they depasture it they become thirsty, and seek the water: so says IAar.
def.3 And A short and broad نَصْل [or arrow-head, or spear-head, or blade].
Lane's Lexicon — The most scholarly Arabic-English dictionary available
The product of over thirty years of unrelenting labor. A work of such unique greatness that to this day it remains supreme in the field of Arabic lexicography.
✓ Full text search • ✓ Root-based navigation
✓ Advanced filters • ✓ Mobile access
Trusted by 1000+ researchers worldwide
Featured on Fons Vitae • Used by universities globally