مَرَضٌ

Full Definition

مَرَضٌ and مَرْضٌ : see 1: i. q. سُقْمٌ [Disease, disorder, distemper, sickness, illness, or malady]; which is the contr. of صِحَّةٌ; and affects man and the camel [&c.]: or a certain state foreign to the constitution or temperament, injurious to the intellect; whence it is known that pains and tumours are accidents arising therefrom: or, as IF says, that whereby a man passes beyond the limit of health or soundness or perfection or rectitude, whether it be disease (عِلَّة), or hypocrisy, or a falling short of doing what he ought to do in an affair: or a dark and disordered state of the constitution or temperament, after a clear and right state thereof: or مَرْضٌ is [a disease] of the heart: Aboo-Is-hák says, مَرَضٌ and سُقْمٌ are said to be in the body and in religion, like as صِحَّةٌ is said to be in the body and in religion; and مَرْضٌ is in the heart, applying to everything whereby a man quits a state of soundness or perfection or rectitude in religion: and As says, I recited to Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà [the words of the Kur, ii. 9, &c.,] فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ and he said to me ↓ “ مَرْضٌ, O boy ”: and مَرَضٌ, or this and مَرْضٌ also, signifies doubt: and hypocrisy: and weakness of belief: and the former, or ↓ both, languor, or languidness, or weakness: and darkness in the heart: and defectiveness; deficiency; or imperfection; which last is said by IAar to be the primary signification: or مَرَضٌ in the body is a languor, or languidness, or weakness, of the limbs, or members: and in the eye, weakness of sight: and in the heart, a flagging, or remissness, in respect of the truth: or it properly signifies an accidental affection of the body, which puts it out of the right state proper to it, and necessarily occasions interruption, or infirmity, in its actions: and tropically, affections of the mind, which interrupt, or mar, its integrity; such as ignorance; and evil belief; and envy; and malevolence, or malice; and love of acts of disobedience; for these prevent from the attaining of excellences, or lead to the cessation of true eternal life: it is a gen. n.: and the n. un. is مَرْضَةٌ : it is one of the inf. ns. which have pls., like شُغْلٌ and عَقْلٌ; the pls. of these three being أَمْرَاضٌ and أَشْغَالٌ and عُقُولٌ. فِى قُلْوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ, in the Kur, [ii. 9, &c.,] means In their hearts is doubt: or doubt and hypocrisy. And الَّذِى فِى قَلْبِهِ مَرَضٌ, in the same, [xxxiii. 32,] In whose heart is darkness: or flagging, or remissness, in respect of what is commanded and what is forbidden: or love of adultery or fornication: or hypocrisy.

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