سَفِهَ
Root: سفه
Form: 1
Full Definition
سَفِهَI
, Present.T
ـَ; and سَفُهَ, [Present.T
ـُ;] Verbal.Noun سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, [all mentioned in the MA as of the former verb, and so in the TA when that verb is trans., but properly] the first is of the former verb, and the second is of the latter verb, and so is the third; He was, or became, such as is termed
سَفِيه; [i. e.] he was, or became, unwise, witless, or destitute of wisdom or understanding, or [rather] lightwitted.
2 The phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَةُ, [of which an instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which غَبِنَ رَأْيَهُ and بَطِرَ عَيْشَهُ and أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ and وَفِقَ أَمْرَهُ and رَشِدَ أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ [or rather سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the نفس] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the accus. case by being its objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with سَفَّهَ نَفْسَهُ [he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say, غُلَامَهُ ضَرَب زَيْدٌ: accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three forms; you say سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ and رَأْيَهُ, and حِلْمَهُ, and سَفُهَ, and سَفَهَ, meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَىالسَّفَهِ [which is virtually the same as سَفَّهَهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it; agreeably with the meaning assigned to سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ by AO: or this means he held himself in mean, or light, estimation; and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: but Lh says that سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the ف], Verbal.Noun سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, means حَمَلَهُ عَلَى السَّفَهِ [or حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form, and that some say سَفُهَ, which is rare: and accord. to J and others, when they say سفه نَفْسَهُ, and رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the ف], because فَعُلَ is not trans.: so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in the K require consideration: accord. to Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative, to indicate that the سَفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be سَفِهَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put in the accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind;] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is the phrase ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعًا, and طِبْتُ بِهِ نَفْسًا, meaning ضَاقَ ذَرْعِىبِهِ and طَابَتْ نَفْسِى بِهِ: but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that إِلَّامَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ in the Kur [ii. 124] means الّا من سَفِهَ فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i. e., who becomes سَفِيه; [the prep.] فى being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ نَفْسَهُ, i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or foolish or] unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner, سَفِهَ رَأْيَهُ means جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c., in his judgment, or opinion]; and his judgment, or opinion, was unsound, without rectitude: and سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own soul. سَفِهَ الحَقَّ is likewise expl. as meaning سَفَّهَ الحَقَّ [He made the truth, or right, to be foolishness, or the like]; and Yoo held the one to be a dial. var. of the other, and the measure of the former verb to denote intensiveness; and accord. to this explanation one may say, سَفِهْتُ زَيْدًا meaning زَيْدًا [I pronounced Zeyd lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is جَهِلَ الحَقَّ [he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not see it to be the truth, or right: or he regarded the truth, or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (S and TA in art. غمط.) See also 2.
3 سَفِهَ عَلَيْهِ signifies جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus trans. by means of عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him]; as also سَفُهَ, and تسافه .
4 And سَفِهْتُ نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the K that one says سَفَهْتُ نصيبى also, but only the former is authorized by the TA,] I forgot my share, or portion.
5 And سَفَهَ صَاحِبَهُ, Present.T ـُ He overcame his companion in what is termed مُسَافَهَة [Verbal.Noun of 3, q. v.]. You say, فَسَفَهَهُ.
6 سَفِهَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ, Verbal.Noun سَفَهٌ,
7 سَفِهَ الشَّرَابَ, Verbal.Noun سَفَهٌ, He drank much of the beverage, or wine, without having his thirst satisfied thereby. See also 3. And سَفِهَ المَآءَ
8 And سَفِهْتُ and سَفَهْتُ signify شُغِلْتُ, in [some of] the copies of the K شَغَلْتُ, but the right reading is شُغِلْتُ [i. e. I was occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]: or, accord. to the copies of the K, تَشَغَّلْتُ; but correctly, or شَغَلْتُ [i. e. I occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing].
2 The phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَةُ, [of which an instance occurs in the Kur ii. 124, and] to which غَبِنَ رَأْيَهُ and بَطِرَ عَيْشَهُ and أَلِمَ بَطْنَهُ and وَفِقَ أَمْرَهُ and رَشِدَ أَمْرَهُ are similar, was originally سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُ زَيْدٍ [or rather سَفِهَتْ نَفْسُهُ i. e. Himself, or his mind, was, or became, lightwitted, &c.]; but when [the dependence of] the verb became transferred [from the نفس] to the man, what followed the verb was put in the accus. case by being its objective complement, for the phrase became identical in meaning with سَفَّهَ نَفْسَهُ [he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, &c.]: so say the Basrees and Ks; and it is allowable with them to make this accus. to precede [the verb]; like as it is allowable to say, غُلَامَهُ ضَرَب زَيْدٌ: accord. to the K, the verb thus used has three forms; you say سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ and رَأْيَهُ, and حِلْمَهُ, and سَفُهَ, and سَفَهَ, meaning حَمَلَهُ عَلَىالسَّفَهِ [which is virtually the same as سَفَّهَهُ i. e. he made himself, or his mind, lightwitted, or unwise, &c., and in like manner his judgment, or opinion, and he made his gravity, or forbearance, or the like, to become levity, or hastiness, &c.]: or he attributed سَفَه [i. e. lightwittedness, &c., to himself, or his mind, and to his judgment, or opinion]: or he destroyed it; agreeably with the meaning assigned to سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ by AO: or this means he held himself in mean, or light, estimation; and rendered himself low, base, or contemptible: but Lh says that سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ, with kesr [to the ف], Verbal.Noun سَفَهٌ and سَفَاهَةٌ and سَفَاهٌ, means حَمَلَهُ عَلَى السَّفَهِ [or حَمَلَهَا], and is the approved form, and that some say سَفُهَ, which is rare: and accord. to J and others, when they say سفه نَفْسَهُ, and رَأْيَهُ, they do not say it otherwise than with kesr [to the ف], because فَعُلَ is not trans.: so that the three forms of the verb mentioned in the K require consideration: accord. to Fr, when [the dependence of] the verb in the phrase سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ became transferred from the نفس to the possessor thereof, what followed the verb became an explicative, to indicate that the سَفَه [or lightwittedness, &c.,] was therein; and by rule it should be سَفِهَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, for the explicative should not be otherwise than indeterminate; but it was left in its state of a prefixed noun, and put in the accus. case in the manner of an indeterminate noun as being likened thereto; [the meaning, therefore, accord. to him, is he was, or became, lightwitted, &c., as to his mind;] it is not allowable, however, in his opinion, to make this accus. to precede [the verb], because the explicative may not precede; and similar to this is the phrase ضِقْتُ بِهِ ذَرْعًا, and طِبْتُ بِهِ نَفْسًا, meaning ضَاقَ ذَرْعِىبِهِ and طَابَتْ نَفْسِى بِهِ: but this saying [of Fr] is disallowed by the grammarians; for they say that explicatives are indeterminate, and that determinate nouns may not be used as indeterminate: some of the grammarians say that إِلَّامَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ in the Kur [ii. 124] means الّا من سَفِهَ فِىنَفْسِهِ [but he who is lightwitted, &c., in his mind], i. e., who becomes سَفِيه; [the prep.] فى being suppressed [and the noun therefore put in the accus. case agreeably with a general rule]: Zj holds that the approvable saying is, that it means إِلَّا مَنْ جَهِلَ نَفْسَهُ, i. e., but he who is [ignorant or silly or foolish or] unreflecting in his mind: and in like manner, سَفِهَ رَأْيَهُ means جَهِلَهُ [i. e. he was ignorant, &c., in his judgment, or opinion]; and his judgment, or opinion, was unsound, without rectitude: and سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ signifies also he lost himself, or his own soul. سَفِهَ الحَقَّ is likewise expl. as meaning سَفَّهَ الحَقَّ [He made the truth, or right, to be foolishness, or the like]; and Yoo held the one to be a dial. var. of the other, and the measure of the former verb to denote intensiveness; and accord. to this explanation one may say, سَفِهْتُ زَيْدًا meaning زَيْدًا [I pronounced Zeyd lightwitted, &c.]: or the meaning is جَهِلَ الحَقَّ [he ignored the truth, or right], and he did not see it to be the truth, or right: or he regarded the truth, or right, as foolishness, or ignorance. (S and TA in art. غمط.) See also 2.
3 سَفِهَ عَلَيْهِ signifies جَهِلَ [i. e., when thus trans. by means of عَلَى, He feigned ignorance to him]; as also سَفُهَ, and تسافه .
4 And سَفِهْتُ نَصِيبِى [and it is implied in the K that one says سَفَهْتُ نصيبى also, but only the former is authorized by the TA,] I forgot my share, or portion.
5 And سَفَهَ صَاحِبَهُ, Present.T ـُ He overcame his companion in what is termed مُسَافَهَة [Verbal.Noun of 3, q. v.]. You say, فَسَفَهَهُ.
6 سَفِهَتِ الطَّعْنَةُ, Verbal.Noun سَفَهٌ,
7 سَفِهَ الشَّرَابَ, Verbal.Noun سَفَهٌ, He drank much of the beverage, or wine, without having his thirst satisfied thereby. See also 3. And سَفِهَ المَآءَ
8 And سَفِهْتُ and سَفَهْتُ signify شُغِلْتُ, in [some of] the copies of the K شَغَلْتُ, but the right reading is شُغِلْتُ [i. e. I was occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing]: or, accord. to the copies of the K, تَشَغَّلْتُ; but correctly, or شَغَلْتُ [i. e. I occupied, or busied, or diverted from a thing].
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