عَدُوٌّ
Root: عدو
Full Definition
عَدُوٌّ
And enemy, contr. of
وَلِىٌّ, or of
صَدِيقٌ, or of
صَدِيقٌ مُوَالٍ; an epithet, but resembling a subst.: [and a hostile party: for] it is used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.; as is said in the “ Muk- tasar el-' Eyn: ” but sometimes it is dualized and pluralized and feminized: the pl. is أَعْدَآءٌ; and the pl. of أَعْدَآءٌ is أَعَادٍ; and عِدًى and عُدًى are also pls. of عَدُوٌّ; (S, Msb, K; [each improperly termed in the K اِسْمُ جَمْعٍ; for فِعَلٌ and فُعَلٌ are measures of pls., not of quasi-pl. ns.;]) the former said by ISk to be the only pl. of this measure among epithets; and عُدَاةٌ, with damm and with ة, is another pl.; and is pl. of
عَادٍ , which is syn. with
عَدُوٌّ; as in the saying of a woman of the Arabs, أَشْمَتَ رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ عَادِيَكَ [May the Lord of the beings of the universe make thy enemy to rejoice at thy affliction]: the fem. form of عَدُوٌّ is عَدُوَّةٌ, which is said by Az to be used when the meaning of an epithet is intended: it is said by ISk, and in the “ Bari', ” that there is no instance of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of فَاعِلٌ but its fem. is without ة, except عَدُوَّةٌ, in the phrase هٰذِهِ عَدُوَّةٌ ٱللّٰهِ [This woman is the enemy of God]: accord. to Fr, عَدُوَّةٌ has the affix ة to assimilate it to صَدِيقَةٌ; for a word is sometimes formed to accord with its contr.: AZ says that he heard certain of the tribe of 'Okeyl say, [of some women,] هُنَّ وَلِيَّاتُ ٱللّٰهِ and عَدُوَّاتُ ٱللّٰهِ and أًوْلِيَاؤُهُ and أَعْدَاؤُهُ [i. e. They are the friends of God and the enemies of God]. [The pl.] عِدًى signifies also Persons distant, or remote, one from another: and strangers, or foreigners: and such as are distant, or remote, in respect of relationship; or not relations: as well as enemies: كَالأَعْدَآءِ, which is added in the K after وَالغُرَبَآءُ, should be وَالأَعْدَآءُ.
Lane's Lexicon
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Hans Wehr
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Mufradat
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