فَرِيضَةٌ
Root: فرض
Full Definition
فَرِيضَةٌ
, of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ: pl. فَرَائِضُ: said by some to be derived from فَرْضٌ signifying the act of “ apportioning, ” or “ appointing; ” because فرائض are apportioned, or appointed: by others said to be from فَرْضٌ in relation to a bow. [These remarks apply to the word in all the senses here following.]
2 A subst. signifying A thing made obligatory, or binding, on a person or persons, by God; an obligatory statute or ordinance of God, in a general sense: pl. as above.
3 A portion, or share, made obligatory, or binding, on a man: or anything apportioned, or appointed: [and particularly a primarily-apportioned inheritance: (see an ex. in the first paragraph of art. عول:)] and hence, فَرَائِضُ is applied to the portions, or shares, of inheritances; [i. e. the fixed primary portions of inheritances assigned by the Kur-án; which are a half, third, fourth, sixth, and eighth;] because they are apportioned, or appointed, to their several owners. And hence, عِلْمُ الفَرَائِضِ, and elliptically الفَرَائِضُ, The science of the division of inheritances; or the science of questions relating to inheritance. It is said in a trad., تَعَلَّمُوا الفَرَائِضَ وَعَلِّمُوهَا النَّاسَ فَإِنَّهَا نِصْفُ العِلْمِ, accord. to the relation commonly followed, with the pron. fem., referring to الفرائض; and وَعَلِّمُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ, with the pron. masc., referring to عِلْم understood as prefixed to الفرائض; [i. e. Learn ye the science of the division of inheritances, &c., and teach ye it to men, for it is the half of science:] it is said to be called the half of science in consideration of the division of statutes into those which pertain to the living and those which pertain to the dead; or by way of amplification. The phrase الفَرِيضَةُ العَادِلَةُ [The equitable portion of inheritance], in a trad. of Ibn-'Omár, is that respecting which the Muslims have agreed: or that for which the authority is elicited from the Kur-án and the Sunneh without there being in these any express statute respecting it: or that is equitably divided, agreeably with the portions and shares mentioned in the Kur-án and the Sunneh.
4 What is made obligatory, or binding, [on the owner, to give,] of pasturing beasts, [i. e. camels,] in payment of the poor-rate; the camel that is taken in payment of the poor-rate: so termed because it is made obligatory to be given, of a certain number of camels: the ة is added because the word is made a subst., not an epithet: pl. فَرَائِضُ: فَرَائِضُ الإِبِلِ signifying the dues of the poor-rate, of camels: the فريضة of twenty-five camels is a بِنْت مَخَاض, or she-camel one year old; that of thirty-six, a بِنْت لَبُون, or she-camel two years old; that of forty-six, a حِقَّة, or she-camel three years old; and that of sixty-one, a جَذَعَة, or she-camel four years old. الفَرِيضَتَانِ signifies The جَذَعَة of sheep, or goats, with the حِقَّة of camels; and signifies the same, accord. to ISk. And فَرِيضَةٌ, by an extension of its meaning, is applied to A camel, in other cases than those of the poor-rate.
5 See also فَارِضٌ.
2 A subst. signifying A thing made obligatory, or binding, on a person or persons, by God; an obligatory statute or ordinance of God, in a general sense: pl. as above.
3 A portion, or share, made obligatory, or binding, on a man: or anything apportioned, or appointed: [and particularly a primarily-apportioned inheritance: (see an ex. in the first paragraph of art. عول:)] and hence, فَرَائِضُ is applied to the portions, or shares, of inheritances; [i. e. the fixed primary portions of inheritances assigned by the Kur-án; which are a half, third, fourth, sixth, and eighth;] because they are apportioned, or appointed, to their several owners. And hence, عِلْمُ الفَرَائِضِ, and elliptically الفَرَائِضُ, The science of the division of inheritances; or the science of questions relating to inheritance. It is said in a trad., تَعَلَّمُوا الفَرَائِضَ وَعَلِّمُوهَا النَّاسَ فَإِنَّهَا نِصْفُ العِلْمِ, accord. to the relation commonly followed, with the pron. fem., referring to الفرائض; and وَعَلِّمُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ, with the pron. masc., referring to عِلْم understood as prefixed to الفرائض; [i. e. Learn ye the science of the division of inheritances, &c., and teach ye it to men, for it is the half of science:] it is said to be called the half of science in consideration of the division of statutes into those which pertain to the living and those which pertain to the dead; or by way of amplification. The phrase الفَرِيضَةُ العَادِلَةُ [The equitable portion of inheritance], in a trad. of Ibn-'Omár, is that respecting which the Muslims have agreed: or that for which the authority is elicited from the Kur-án and the Sunneh without there being in these any express statute respecting it: or that is equitably divided, agreeably with the portions and shares mentioned in the Kur-án and the Sunneh.
4 What is made obligatory, or binding, [on the owner, to give,] of pasturing beasts, [i. e. camels,] in payment of the poor-rate; the camel that is taken in payment of the poor-rate: so termed because it is made obligatory to be given, of a certain number of camels: the ة is added because the word is made a subst., not an epithet: pl. فَرَائِضُ: فَرَائِضُ الإِبِلِ signifying the dues of the poor-rate, of camels: the فريضة of twenty-five camels is a بِنْت مَخَاض, or she-camel one year old; that of thirty-six, a بِنْت لَبُون, or she-camel two years old; that of forty-six, a حِقَّة, or she-camel three years old; and that of sixty-one, a جَذَعَة, or she-camel four years old. الفَرِيضَتَانِ signifies The جَذَعَة of sheep, or goats, with the حِقَّة of camels; and signifies the same, accord. to ISk. And فَرِيضَةٌ, by an extension of its meaning, is applied to A camel, in other cases than those of the poor-rate.
5 See also فَارِضٌ.
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