عَاقِلٌ

Full Definition

عَاقِلٌ [act. part. n. of عَقَلَ: and as such,] The payer of a bloodwit: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] عَاقِلَةٌ : the latter is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; and signifies a man's party who league together to defend one another, consisting of the relations on the father's side, who pay the bloodwit [app. in conjunction with the slayer] for him who has been slain unintentionally: it was decided by the Prophet that it was to be paid in three years, to the heirs of the person slain: they look to the offender's brothers on the father's side, who, if they take it upon them, pay it in three years: if they do not take it upon them, the debt is transferred to the sons [meaning all the male descendants] of his grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his father's grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his grandfather's grandfather; and so on: it is not transferred from any one of these classes unless they are unable [to pay it]: and such as are enrolled in a register [of soldiers or pensioners or any corporation] are alike in respect of the bloodwit: or, accord. to the people of El-'Irák, it means the persons enrolled in the registers [of soldiers or of others]: or it is applied to the persons of the register which was that of the slayer; who derive their subsistence-money, or allowances, from the revenues of a particular register: Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said to Is-hák Ibn-Mansoor, it is applied to the tribe (قَبِيلَة) [of the slayer]; but that they bear responsibility [only] in proportion to their ability; and that if there is no عَاقِلَة, it [i. e. the bloodwit] is not to be from the property of the offender; but Is-hák says that in this case it is to be from the treasury of the state, the bloodwit not being [in any case] made a thing of no account: the pl. of عَاقِلَةٌ thus applied is عَوَاقِلُ.

def.2 عَاقِلٌ also signifies Having, or possessing, عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, understanding, &c.; or intelligent, &c.; a rational being]; and so عَقُولٌ , or this latter has an intensive signification [i. e. having much intelligence &c.]: (TA: [see an ex. in a saying cited voce أَبْلَهُ, in art. بله:]) the former is expl. by some as applied to a man who withholds, or restrains, and turns back, his soul from its inclinations, or blamable inclinations: and it is likewise applied to a woman, as also عَاقِلَةٌ: the pl. masc. is عُقَّالٌ and عُقَلَآءُ, this latter pl. sometimes used; and the pl. fem. is عَوَاقِلُ and عَاقِلَاتٌ.
2 عَاقِلٌ is also applied to a mountaingoat, as an epithet, signifying That protects himself in his mountain from the hunter: [and in like manner عَقُولٌ is said by Freytag to be used in the Deewán of Jereer.] And it is [also] a name for A mountain-goat, or a gazelle; because it renders itself inaccessible in a high mountain.
3 And عَاقِلَةٌ signifies A female comber of the hair.

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