عَذَابٌPunishment, castigation, or chastisement, [or] such as serves to give warning to others than the sufferer, or to restrain the offender from repeating the offence; syn. عُقُوبَةٌ, or نَكَالٌ: so termed from عَذَبَ “ he prevented ” &c.; because it prevents the person punished from returning to the like of his offence, and prevents others from doing the like of that which he has done: [it generally signifies any corporal punishment:] and, by an extension of the original signification, any [infliction of] pain that disgraces, or puts to shame: originally, beating: afterwards used to signify any painful punishment: [torture; or torment:] and metaphorically applied to an affair, or event, that is difficult, distressing, afflicting, or troublesome; whence the saying, السَّفَرُ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ العَذَابِ [Travel is a portion of that which is difficult, &c.; or of torment]: in the Kur xxiii. 78, it means hunger, or famine: the pl. is أَعْذِبَةٌ: the author of the K says in art. نهر [voce نَهَارٌ] that it has no pl.: [and it seems to be doubted whether it have a pl. because it is properly an Verbal.Noun though its verb in the unaugmented form is not used:] but MF observes that if it be a name for that whereby one is prevented [from repeating an offence], as hunger, or famine, agreeably with what Zj says, there is no reason why it should not have this pl.
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