دَيْنٌ

Full Definition

دَيْنٌ [is an Verbal.Noun of 1:
2 and is also a simple subst., and] properly signifies [A debt; such as] the price of a thing sold [which the purchaser is under an obligation to pay]; and a dowry [which one engages to pay]: and a loan, or the like; syn. قَرْض: or it is [a debt] such as has an appointed time of falling due: what has not such an appointed time is [properly, but not always,] termed قَرْضٌ: and دِينَةٌ signifies the same as دَيْنٌ in the sense above explained: a valid دَينْ (دَينٌ صَحِيحٌ) is such as does not become annulled save by payment, or by one's being declared clear, or quit: compensation in the case of a contract which a slave makes with his owner to pay him a certain sum as the price of himself and on the payment thereof to be free is not a valid دَيْن, because it may become annulled without payment, and without his being declared clear, or quit; that is, by the slave's being unable to pay it: in the language of the law, but not in the proper language, دَيْنٌ is also applied to [a debt incurred by] a thing taken unjustly, injuriously, or by violence; as being likened to a دَيْن properly so called: and it signifies also anything that is not present: [app. meaning anything to be paid, or done, at a future time:] the pl. [of pauc.] is أَدْيُنٌ and [of mult.] دُيُونٌ [and in the CK is added and دِينَةٌ, with kesr; but this is a mistranscription for دِنْتُهُ, as syn. with أَدَنْتُهُ, which follows it, connected therewith by وَ]: the pl. of دِينَةٌ is دِيَنٌ. You say, مَا أَكْثرَ دَيْنَهُ and [How great in amount. is his debt!]; both meaning the same. And جِئْتُ لِطَلَبِ i. e. الدَّيْنِ [I came for the demanding of the debt]. And عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ [On him lies a debt; i. e. he owes a debt]: and لَهُ دَيْنٌ [To him is due a debt; i. e. he has a debt owed to him]. And اِشْتَرَى بِالدَّيْنِ [He bought upon credit]: and أَخَذَ الدَّيْنَ or [rather] أَخَذَ دَيْنًا [signifies the same; or he took, or received, upon credit: or he took, or received, a loan, or the like; he borrowed]: and أَخَذَ بِدَيْنٍ [likewise signifies the same; or he took, or received, by incurring a debt]. And بَاعَ بِالدَّيْنِ [He sold upon credit]: and بِعْثُهُ بِدَيْنٍ or [I sold to him upon credit]: and أَعْطَيْتُهُ الدَّيْنَ [signifies the same; or I gave him, or granted him, credit: or I gave him, or granted him, the loan, or the like].
3 [Hence,] Death; because it is a دَيْن [or debt] which every one must pay when [the angel who is] the demander of its payment comes. And hence the prov., رَمَاهُ ٱللّٰهُ بِدَيْنِهِ [May God smite him with his death].
4 Thaalebeh Ibn-'Obeyd says, describing palm-trees, تَضَمَّنُ الحَاجَاتِ العِيَالِ وَ ضَيْفِهِمْ وَمَهْمَا تَضَمَّنْ مِنْ دُيُونِهِمْ تَقْضِ [They comprise the wants of the household and of their guest; and whatever they comprise of their debts, they pay]; by the دُيُون meaning what is obtained of their fruit that is gathered.

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Lane's Arabic-English Lexicon

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