صَاحِبٌ

Full Definition

صَاحِبٌ A companion, an associate, a comrade, a fellow, or a friend; a fellow-traveller: [an accomplice: an accompanier, or attendant, as applied to a thing:] and a lord, or master; a possessor, an owner, an occupant, a haver, or a proprietor; of anything: it is not trans. like the verb, therefore you may not say, زَيْدٌ صَاحِبٌ عَمْرًا; [i. e.] it is not used as an act. part. n., but as a subst., like وَالِدٌ; the pl., or term applied to a pl. number, is صَحْبٌ , a pl. like رَكْبٌ of رَاكِبٌ, or [rather] a quasi-pl. n., and أَصْحَابٌ, [the most common of all,] a pl. like أَشْهَادٌ of شَاهِدٌ, or pl. of صَحْبٌ, like أَفْرَاخٌ of فَرْخٌ, and أَصَاحِيبُ, pl. of أَصْحَابٌ, and صُحْبَانٌ, a pl. like شُبَّانٌ of شَابٌّ, and صِحَابٌ, a pl. like جِيَاعٌ of جَائِعٌ, and صِحَابَةٌ, in which the ة may be regarded, agreeably with analogy, as an affix to the pl. صِحَابٌ characteristic of the fem. gender, and صَحَابَةٌ , which is more common than صِحَابَةٌ, but the only instance of فَعَالَةٌ as the pl. measure of a word of the measure فَاعِلٌ, or originally an Verbal.Noun, or not so, but a quasi-pl. n., though written like the Verbal.Noun [that is said to be its original], and صُحْبَةٌ , a pl. like فُرْهَةٌ of فَارِهٌ, or [rather] a quasi-pl. n.: the fem. is صَاحِبَةٌ, and its pl. is صَوَاحِبُ and صَوَاحِبَاتٌ, the latter mentioned by AAF on the authority of Abu-l- Hasan: hence, in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, أَنْتُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ [Ye are the female companions, or the mistresses, of Joseph; meaning, enticers to lewdness]; or, as some relate it, صَوَاحِبَاتُ يُوسُفَ: the dim. of صَاحِبٌ is صُوَيْحِبٌ [and that of صَاحِبَهٌ is ]. يَاصَاحِ for يَاصَاحِبِى [O my companion, &c.,] is the only allowable instance of such curtailing of a prefixed noun, related as heard from the Arabs. One says, فُلَانٌ صَاحِبُ صِدْقٍ [Such a one is a good companion, &c.]. [And صَاحِبُ جَيْشِ The commander of an army. And صَاحِبُ البَرِيدِ and صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ &c.: see arts. برد and شرط &c. And الصَّاحِبُ, alone, in post-classical times applied to The Wezeer, when an officer of the pen: see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., ii. 59.] And صَاحِبُ اليَمِينِ [The companion of the right hand] and صَاحِبُ الشِّمَالِ [The companion of the left hand]; appellations of each man's recording angels, who write down his good and evil actions. And صَاحِبُ الصُّورِ The angel who is the possessor of the horn. [And صَاحِبُ بَيْتٍ The owner, or master, of a house or tent.] And أَصْحَابُ الجَنَّةِ [The inmates, or occupants, of Paradise]: and أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ [The inmates, &c., of the fire of Hell]. And صَاحِبُ سِجْنٍ An inmate of a prison. And صَاحِبُ الصَّفِّ وَالجُمْعَةِ He who keeps to praying in the first rank and to the prayer of Friday. And أَصْجَابُ الشَّافِعِىِّ The followers of the persuasion of EshSháfi'ee: and in like manner one says of the followers of other persuasions. [And صَاحِبُ كِتَابٍ The author of a book.] And صَاحِبُ عِلْمٍ وَمَالٍ A possessor of science and of wealth. And صَاحِبُ وِتْرٍ [One who has a claim for blood-revenge: see an ex. in a verse cited voce دَرَّاكٌ]. (Keys Ibn-Rifá'ah, TA in art. درك.) [And صَاحِبُ أَمْرٍ وَنَهْىٍ One who possesses authority to command and to forbid. And صَاحِبُ أَمْرٍ also signifies The author of an affair or event or action; the doer of a thing; the manager, or disposer, thereof: and one who keeps, or adheres, to a thing. And صَاحِبُ دَيْنٍ A debtor.] And one says, خَرَجَ وَصَاحِبَاهُ السَّيْفُ وَالرُّمْحُ [He went forth, the sword and the spear being his companions].

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